탄소중립 달성을 위한 지방정부 간 협력 모델 유형화 및 정책 제언

초록

Local governments play a crucial role in responding to the climate crisis and achieving carbon neutrality. Effective attainment of regional carbon reduction targets necessitates intergovernmental collaboration, as it enhances policy implementation capacity. This study aims to analyze domestic and international cases of interlocal government cooperation, classify cooperation models, and propose strategies to enhance the effectiveness of carbon neutrality policies. The findings indicate that domestic intergovernmental cooperation focuses on expanding renewable energy, coordinating policies at a regional level, and reducing greenhouse gas emissions in industrial and transportation sectors. Key factors for sustaining and enhancing cooperation include strengthening policy linkages between central and local governments, establishing stable financial support systems, and implementing policy monitoring and evaluation mechanisms. In contrast, international cases highlight strategies such as smart city development, the formation of transnational climate governance, large-scale renewable energy projects, and public-private partnerships. Additionally, data-driven policy evaluation and active citizen-business collaboration have been emphasized to enhance policy effectiveness. This study classifies local governments into three regional characteristic types—urban-concentrated, industrial and power generation-specialized, and mixed types—based on their carbon emission characteristics and industrial structures. Furthermore, critical success factors for cooperation include establishing trust-based governance, ensuring structural flexibility, promoting technology sharing and innovation diffusion, securing stable financial resources, fostering citizen participation and community engagement, and implementing continuous policy monitoring and improvement mechanisms. Intergovernmental cooperation is an essential mechanism for addressing the limitations of independent local government-led carbon neutrality initiatives and strengthening policy implementation capacity. To build a sustainable carbon neutrality governance system, it is necessary to reinforce the institutional and financial foundation for interlocal cooperation, expand networks with central governments and private sectors, and introduce real-time policy evaluation and monitoring systems. This study contributes to enhancing the effectiveness of carbón neutrality policies through strengthened local government cooperation and offers key policy implications for future climate governance and decision-making processes.

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