Multifunctional CaFe2O4/CeO2/Gd2O3/CuFe2O4 nanocomposites: Structural, electrochemical, and biocompatibility insights for energy storage and biomedical applications

초록

This study investigates the structural, morphological, magnetic, electrochemical, and biocompatibility properties of CaFe2O4/CeO2/Gd2O3/CuFe2O4quaternary nanocomposites, synthesized and calcined at temperatures ranging from 600 degrees C to 800 degrees C. The resulting materials, labeled CCGC-1, CCGC-2, and CCGC-3, were characterized by XRD, TEM, and XPS, confirming the formation of well-defined crystalline phases with homogeneously distributed multi-metallic components. Electrochemical analysis revealed a pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism, with CCGC-3 achieving the highest specific capacitance (Cs) of 930 F/g at 0.2 A/g a significant improvement over typical binary or ternary counterparts. The enhanced performance is attributed to the synergistic integration of four active materials oxides/ferrites, which collectively improved electrical conductivity, redox activity, and ion transport. Furthermore, biocompatibility assessments, including MTT and live/dead assays, were performed using mouse muscle fibroblasts (BLO-11) and murine colorectal carcinoma (CT-26) cells. The results consistently indicated excellent biocompatibility, with cell viability remaining above 85 % even at concentrations up to 1000 mu g/mL. This quaternary nanocomposite demonstrates enhanced multifunctionality, offering superior electrochemical performance and minimal cytotoxicity compared to conventional binary and ternary counterparts. These findings position prepared composites as promising candidates for advanced energy storage systems and biomedical applications requiring both performance and safety.

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