Antimony-Based Lead-Free Perovskite Thin Films for Highly Sensitive Ammonia (NH3) Gas Detection

초록

Antimony (Sb)-based perovskite materials have emerged as promising alternatives to Pb halide perovskites for gas-sensing applications, offering reduced toxicity while maintaining high environmental sensitivity. Herein, we report a novel Sb-based perovskite, formamidinium (FA)3Sb2Br9, as an environmentally friendly candidate for ammonia (NH3) detection. FA3Sb2Br9 can be synthesized via a simple solution-based method, and it exhibits high selectivity and sensitivity toward NH3. Gas-sensing measurements revealed that the device showed a markedly higher response to NH3 than to other gases, such as NOx, CO, methanol, and methane. The device achieves a maximum gas response (R = Delta I(I t - I air)/I air & times; 100 (%) = 235, at 100 ppm NH3), with a short response/recovery time (13/289 s), a low detection limit of 1 ppm, and excellent reversibility. Furthermore, the FA3Sb2Br9 sensor demonstrated a linear dependence on the NH3 concentration, long-term stability under ambient conditions over several months, and outstanding repeatability. These findings highlight the potential of Sb-based perovskites as promising materials for high-performance, Pb-free NH3 gas sensors.

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