토양 환경 내 과불화화합물(PFAS)의 오염 현황, 규제 및 정화 기술 동향

초록

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are representative persistent organic pollutants widely distributed in soil andgroundwater through sources such as aqueous film-forming foam (AFFF), industrial activities, sewage sludge, and landfillleachate. High concentrations have been particularly observed in soils near fire sites, industrial areas, and military bases. While countries such as the United States, Canada, Denmark, and the Netherlands have introduced strict regulatorystandards (often at the ng/g or ng/L level) for compounds like PFOA and PFOS, South Korea currently lacks legalstandards, with only limited monitoring being conducted. PFAS remediation technologies can be broadly categorized intoseparation-based methods, such as soil washing, phytoremediation, and adsorption, and degradation-based methods,including thermal, mechanochemical, hydrothermal, sonochemical and electrochemical methods. Integrated managementapproaches that consider the reuse potential and ecological safety of remediated soil are increasingly necessary. This studyaims to provide scientific baseline data essential for developing PFAS management policies in South Korea and to supportthe establishment of effective remediation strategies.

키워드